Thursday, September 13, 2007 - 9:45 AM

Performance of compact cotton genotypes(G.hirsutum) at three spacings and two moisture levels

Dr. Basanagouda . C. Patil, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka (INDIA), A.R.S. Dharwad Farm, Dharwad , Karnataka, , India, Dharwad, 580 007, India and Dr. Shreekant S. Patil, Univ. of Agril. Sciences, Dharwad, Dharwad Farm, Dharwad, India.


A field experiment was conducted during 2001-02 under rainfed and irrigated conditions at the Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad to study the performance of compact cotton genotype under different plant population densities. The experiment consisted 4 genotypes with three spacings in a split plot design with three replications on medium black soil under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Among the genotypes RACH-116 produced significantly higher seed cotton yield (981.6 kg/ha) under rainfed condition in spacings 60x15 cm and 1948.7 kg/ha under irrigated conditions in spacings 60x25 cm. This was mainly attributed to its close association with yield components such as number of bolls / m2(r=0.745) and harvest index (r=0.860). Genotypes showed significant differences in their growth pattern, morphological characters and phenological characters. Among the genotypes RACH-116 possessed higher dry matter at all the stages mainly because of higher AGR, NAR and leaf area index as compared to other genotypes under both the situations. Correlation studies indicated highly significant positive association of yield with TDM (r=0.863), boll weight (r=0.909) and number of bolls/plant (r=0.745). Among the genotypes RACH-11-8 was comparatively early in phenological characters. However, the spacing did not influenced the phenology. The genotype RACH-116 recorded highest stem diameter.

Key words: Compact cotton, yield and yield components and spacing.

Introduction

The present day cotton genotypes have a long duration of 180-200 days and therefore they are exposed to production risks due to the occurrence of moisture stress of varying degree at different growth stages, incidence of diseases and insect pests for a longer period. As a result the cost of plant protection is increasing and the margin of profit is low and fluctuating in an erratic manner. Cotton hybrids and varieties currently grown are generally very robust, tall and bushy because of this plant protection can be taken only from the sides and not from the top. Under these circumstances compact cotton genotypes are ideally suited for spraying plant protection chemicals in an efficient manner. Shorter growth period also reduce the total pesticide requirement and the stress of prolonged moisture deficit. In addition these compact early maturing cotton can be harvested in one or maximum two picking because of their synchronous maturity, compacts are hence ideally suited for machine pickings. In many countries compact genotypes have been instrumental in raising the productivity for above the world average values.

Material Methods:

A field experiment was conducted during 2001-02 under rainfed and irrigated conditions at the Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad to study the performance of compact cotton genotype under different plant population densities. The experiment consisted 4 genotypes with three spacings in a split plot design with three replications on medium black soil under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Compact cotton genotypes were selected based on growth and morphological characters like plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, sympodia and monopodia.

The observations on yield, yield components (number of bolls per plant, boll weight and harvest index) were recorded at the time of harvest. Twenty bolls in each plot were picked randomly and their weight was taken and calculated as per boll weight.

Results and discussion

1. Yield and yield components:

The results on yield and yield components are presented in table 1. Under rainfed conditions significantly highest seed cotton yield was recorded at spacing of 60x15 cm. Among the genotypes RACH-116 has recorded significantly high yield. The yield components boll weight, number of bolls per plant followed the trend of yield. In general the harvest index under rainfed condition was low as compared to irrigated condition. Under irrigated condition the yield increased by two folds. Under irrigated condition the spacing 60x25 cm recorded significantly high yield compare to other spacing. Among the genotypes RACH-116 recorded significantly high yield while RACH-11-8 recorded significantly low yield. Jagtap and Kolhe (1986) observed that boll weight and boll number were negatively associated with days to first flowering in cotton (G.hirsutum L.) Mahla and Singh (1988) reported that boll weight is positively correlated with the number of seeds per boll (r=0.64) and ginning out turn (r=0.49). Faqir et al. (1984) showed that 69.72 per cent of variability in cotton yield was due to variability in boll number per plant, which has the greatest positive correlation with yield (r=0.835). Kumar and Choudhary (1986) revealed from correlation studies that seed cotton yield per plant was strongly correlated with boll number and boll weight. Similar results were also observed by Jagtap and Kolhe (1986).

The robust and compact types revealed different paths of productivity. Robusts are more productive by verdure of utilization of larger three dimensional space. However, despite utilization of greater three dimensional space there improper or loose packing of bolls in this space leads to lower yielding potentiality than what the space would suggest. Though compact types occupy lesser three dimensional space because of better packing of bolls these types yield more than what their three dimensional space would suggest.

The characteristic features of these diverse plant types suggest that the plus points of the two plant types if superimposed can perhaps lead to a more productive plant type. An intermediate plant type occupying greater three dimensional space like a robust type and ensuring better packing of bolls like a compact type would be the more ideal plant type in cotton. Kanavi et al 2004.

2. Total dry matter production:

The total dry matter produced at various growth stages is presented in table 2. The data shows that 60x15 cm spacing under rainfed condition and 60x25 cm spacing under irrigated condition gave significantly high yield than other two spacing. Among the genotypes RACH-116 recorded more total dry matter compare to other genotypes. Meredith and Wells (1989) opined that increased seed cotton yield in cotton (G. hirsutum. L) genotypes can be achieved through enhanced partitioning of dry matter from vegetative to reproductive structures. Unruah and Silvertooth (1996) reported that cv. DPL 90 (G. hirsutum L.) gave higher yield than Pima 5-6 (G. barbadense L.) which was due to greater total biomass production and more efficient partitioning of dry matter into reproductive organs.

3. Leaf area:

The leaf area recorded at various growth stages is presented in table 3. Among these spacing 60x15 cm in rainfed and 60x25 cm in irrigated condition recorded significantly high leaf area than other spacing. Among the genotypes RACH-116 recorded significantly more leaf area than other genotypes. However under irrigated condition there was no significantly difference. Ashley et al. (1965) reported that the relationship between LAI and fruiting were dependent on concurrent vegetative growth. They observed that late season boll set increases as long as LAI was at or above 5.0. When LAI fell below 5.0, the number bolls did not increase further. Bhat et al. (1974) notice that higher leaf area index occurred two weeks before the first boll opening in cultivar PRH-30/2, after 30 days of first boll opening in cultivar MCU-3 and at first boll opening in cultivar PRS-74. Landiver et al. (1988) reported that maximum assimilation rate was obtained with LAI greater than 3.0. Late maturing cultivars achieved LAI of 3.0 earlier period was correlated with vegetative, reproductive and total dry weight.

References:

  1. Ashley, D.A., Doss, B.D. and Bennett, O.L., 1965, Relation of cotton leaf area index to plant growth on fruiting. Agronomy Journal, 57:61-67.

  1. Bhatt, J.G., Shah, R.C. and Sharma, A.N., 1976, Net assimilation rate of cotton in relation to spacing. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86:281-285.

  1. Faqir, M.A., Abdul, R.A. and Khan, M.A., 1984, Association of yield with various economic characters in G.hirsutum L. Pakistan Cottons, 28:127-134

  1. Jagtap, D.R. and Kolhe, A.K., 1986, Correlation studies in cotton (G.hirsutum). Cotton Development, 16:32.

  1. M.S.P. Kanavi, S.S. Patil, P.M. Salimath, Somashekhar and B.C. Patil 2004, Comparison of robust and compact hirsutum cotton types. International Symposium on “Strategies for Sustainable Cotton Production-A global Vision” 1. Crop Improvement, 23-25 November 2004, University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, Karnataka (INDIA)

  1. Landiver, J.A., Baker, D.N. and Hodges, H.F. 1988, Leaf area index development and yield of cotton cultivars differing in maturities. Proceedings of Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conference, 3-8 Jan, 1988, New Orleans, Lovisiana, USA.

  1. Meredith, W. and Wells, R., 1989, Potential for increasing cotton yields through enhanced partitioning to reproductive structures. Crop Science, 29:636-639.

  1. Unruh, B.L. and Silvertooth, J.C., 1996, Comparisons between an upland and a Pima Cotton cultivar:I. Growth and yield. Agronomy Journal, 88:583-589.

Table 1: Genotypic variation in yield and yield components of compact cotton genotypes

Rainfed condition

Irrigated condition

Spacing (cm)

Genotypes

Yield (kg/ha)

Boll

wt (g)

No. of

bolls/ pl

Harvest

index

Spacing (cm)

Genotypes

Yield

(kg/ha)

Boll

wt (g)

No. of

bolls/ pl

Harvest

Index

60x10

RACH-116

825.6

3.55

16.98

14.80

60x20

RACH-116

1786.7

3.97

24.63

33.80

RACH 11-8

570.9

3.29

14.23

7.20

RACH 11-8

1248.7

3.23

21.60

16.49

RACH 16

694.4

3.38

15.05

12.60

RACH 16

1613.9

3.67

22.70

27.97

RACH 119

679.0

3.38

14.9

8.40

RACH 119

1436.7

3.43

21.80

21.87

Mean

692.5

3.4

15.29

10.70

Mean

1521.5

3.57

22.68

25.03

60x15

RACH-116

981.6

3.92

17.73

15.37

60x25

RACH-116

1948.7

4.51

25.75

35.83

RACH 11-8

671.3

3.37

14.73

8.30

RACH 11-8

1395.7

3.40

21.79

25.07

RACH 16

779.3

3.49

15.68

13.80

RACH 16

1752.2

3.83

22.81

31.08

RACH 119

694.4

3.38

15.05

12.48

RACH 119

1581.4

3.63

21.89

24.86

Mean

784.6

3.54

15.79

12.46

Mean

1669.4

3.84

23.06

27.96

60x20

RACH-116

833.3

3.68

17.25

14.68

60x30

RACH-116

1859.4

4.63

24.65

34.22

RACH 11-8

594.1

3.29

14.59

8.30

RACH 11-8

1371.9

3.37

21.75

17.98

RACH 16

725.1

3.38

15.32

13.50

RACH 16

1741.3

3.67

22.75

30.57

RACH 119

686.1

3.38

14.91

12.10

RACH 119

1501.5

3.60

21.85

23.34

Mean

709.8

3.43

15.53

12.10

Mean

1619.5

3.66

22.75

26.53

Mean

RACH-116

880.1

3.71

17.32

14.94

Mean

RACH-116

1865.4

4.17

25.01

34.68

RACH 11-8

612.1

3.31

14.51

7.89

RACH 11-8

1338.8

3.33

21.71

18.18

RACH 16

713.0

3.31

15.34

13.22

RACH 16

1702.5

3.72

22.75

29.87

RACH 119

686.7

3.38

14.98

10.97

RACH 119

1506.5

3.45

21.84

23.36

Grand Mean

728.0

3.45

15.54

11.67

Grand Mean

1603.2

3.69

22.83

26.51

For comparing:

For comparing:

Spacing (S) SEmą

3.04

0.613

0.063

0.069

Spacing (S) SEmą

16.81

0.017

0.092

0.130

C.D. at 5%

11.91

0.056

0.247

0.272

C.D. at 5%

66.02

0.066

0.362

0.150

Genotypes (G) SEmą

38.66

0.148

0.897

0.665

Genotypes (G) SEmą

34.29

0.158

0.975

1.139

C.D. at 5%

113.65

0.539

2.665

1.974

C.D. at 5%

101.65

0.469

2.897

3.382

SxG at same S SEmą

69.93

0.256

1.554

1.151

SxG at the same S SEmą

59.28

0.274

1.690

1.972

C.D. at 5%

195.81

0.761

4.610

3.419

C.D. at 5%

176.07

0.813

5.018

5.858

SxG at same/diff. S SEmą

57.18

0.222

1.340

0.990

SxG at same/diff. S SEmą

54.02

0.238

1.466

1.713

C.D. at 5%

169.18

0.660

4.000

2.970

C.D. at 5%

116.45

0.766

4.354

5.088

Table 2: Genotypic variation in Total dry matter production (g/plant) at different growth stages in compact cotton genotypes

Rainfed condition

Irrigated condition

Spacing

(cm)

Genotypes

Days after sowing

Spacing

(cm)

Genotypes Days after sowing

30

60

90

120

Harvest

30

60

90

120

Harvest

60x10

RACH-116

1.67

10.32

38.92

59.78

50.27

60x20

RACH-116

2.18

19.50

40.87

64.52

58.56

RACH 11-8

0.82

7.82

35.16

53.57

47.80

RACH 11-8

2.48

17.92

40.40

58.72

56.80

RACH 16

1.26

8.92

38.10

57.93

49.48

RACH 16

2.66

19.69

43.50

61.98

58.19

RACH 119

1.14

8.86

36.49

56.03

48.58

RACH 119

2.51

17.53

38.15

57.35

57.35

Mean

1.22

8.99

37.16

56.82

49.03

Mean

2.61

18.66

40.73

60.643

57.72

60x15

RACH-116

1.96

13.92

49.52

77.88

54.18

60x25

RACH-116

3.12

25.98

51.61

77.81

61.61

RACH 11-8

1.13

8.55

35.88

55.75

48.17

RACH 11-8

2.5

19.18

40.90

59.21

57.16

RACH 16

1.43

9.60

38.89

59.52

50.16

RACH 16

2.79

19.23

43.74

64.31

58.45

RACH 119

1.24

8.96

37.41

57.70

49.26

RACH 119

2.64

19.34

41.29

63.57

57.57

Mean

1.44

10.25

40.42

62.73

50.44

Mean

2.76

20.93

44.38

66.22

58.69

60x20

RACH-116

1.71

10.83

39.31

60.80

51.80

60x30

RACH-116

2.84

27.54

45.27

65.00

59.58

RACH 11-8

1.1

8.22

35.35

55.31

48.08

RACH 11-8

2.48

19.99

42.80

59.10

57.02

RACH 16

1.42

9.25

38.18

58.53

49.58

RACH 16

2.78

19.16

43.70

62.04

58.36

RACH 119

4.19

8.95

36.58

57.24

48.60

RACH 119

2.63

18.05

42.98

63.48

57.46

Mean

1.35

9.31

37.35

57.97

49.51

Mean

2.683

19.93

43.68

62.40

58.10

Mean

RACH-116

1.78

11.69

42.58

66.15

52.08

Mean

RACH-116

2.92

22.67

45.91

69.11

59.91

RACH 11-8

1.01

8.19

35.46

54.87

48.01

RACH 11-8

2.48

19.03

41.36

59.01

56.99

RACH 16

1.37

9.27

38.39

58.67

49.74

RACH 16

2.74

19.36

43.64

62.77

58.33

RACH 119

1.19

8.92

36.82

57.60

48.81

RACH 119

2.59

18.30

40.80

61.46

57.46

Grand Mean

1.33

9.52

38.31

59.17

49.66

Grand Mean

2.68

19.84

42.93

63.09

58.17

For comparing:

For comparing:

Spacing (S) SEmą

0.007

0.079

0.197

0.236

0.191

Spacing (S) SEmą

0.008

0.113

0.206

0.446

0.210

C.D. at 5%

0.029

0.311

0.774

1.279

0.748

C.D. at 5%

0.031

0.446

0.966

1.750

0.825

Genotypes (G) SEmą

0.058

0.566

2.018

2.458

2.865

Genotypes (G) SEmą

0.183

0.1098

2.490

0.749

2.483

C.D. at 5%

0.122

1.680

5.993

7.567

8.508

C.D. at 5%

0.544

3.261

7.395

2.522

7.544

SxG at same S SEmą

1.010

0.980

3.495

4.413

4.962

SxG at the same S SEmą

0.316

1.902

4.313

1.471

4.300

C.D. at 5%

0.299

2.910

10.38

13.106

14.737

C.D. at 5%

0.942

5.649

12.806

4.369

12.710

SxG at same/diff. S SEmą

0.087

0.852

3.330

3.386

4.320

SxG at same/diff. S SEmą

0.275

1.651

3.743

1.350

3.330

C.D. at 5%

0.260

2.531

9.008

11.391

12.744

C.D. at 5%

0.816

4.904

11.117

4.008

11.070

Table 3: Genotypic variation in Leaf area (dm2/plant) at different growth stages in compact cotton genotypes

Rainfed condition

Irrigated condition

Spacing

(cm)

Genotypes

Days after sowing

Spacing

(cm)

Genotypes Days after sowing

30

60

90

120

Harvest

30

60

90

120

Harvest

60x10

RACH-116

1.85

11.83

17.15

28.88

18.92

60x20

RACH-116

4.75

29.28

23.24

35.7

23.24

RACH 11-8

1.09

9.92

20.92

21.96

14.94

RACH 11-8

4.71

27.64

19.05

32.56

19.05

RACH 16

1.39

12.15

21.53

25.98

17.19

RACH 16

4.74

28.54

21.4

33.48

21.4

RACH 119

1.19

11.89

21.08

22.95

16.54

RACH 119

4.73

27.65

21.05

32.7

21.05

Mean

1.38

11.44

20.17

24.94

16.89

Mean

4.73

28.27

21.18

33.61

21.18

60x15

RACH-116

2.94

12.98

19.17

33.5

23.84

60x25

RACH-116

4.89

31.35

25.4

37.85

25.4

RACH 11-8

1.15

10.62

20.99

22.39

15.98

RACH 11-8

4.72

27.65

22.1

32.65

22.1

RACH 16

1.53

12.54

21.97

26.39

17.85

RACH 16

4.74

28.6

21.85

33.87

21.85

RACH 119

1.24

12.05

21.35

23.12

16.94

RACH 119

4.73

27.68

21.8

32.85

21.8

Mean

1.71

12.04

20.87

26.35

18.65

Mean

4.77

28.82

22.78

34.3

22.78

60x20

RACH-116

1.93

11.95

15.79

29.13

19.3

60x30

RACH-116

4.75

29.3

23.85

35.75

23.85

RACH 11-8

1.13

9.98

20.95

22.05

15.37

RACH 11-8

4.72

27.64

19.08

32.57

19.08

RACH 16

1.45

12.25

21.88

26.17

17.19

RACH 16

4.47

28.57

21.65

33.67

21.65

RACH 119

1.2

12

21.17

22.95

16.88

RACH 119

4.73

27.68

21.09

32.8

21.09

Mean

1.42

11.54

19.94

25.07

17.18

Mean

4.73

28.29

21.41

33.69

21.41

Mean

RACH-116

2.24

12.25

17.37

30.5

20.68

Mean

RACH-116

4.79

29.97

24.16

36.43

21.16

RACH 11-8

1.12

1.17

20.95

22.13

15.43

RACH 11-8

4.71

27.64

20.07

32.59

20.07

RACH 16

1.45

12.3

21.79

26.18

17.41

RACH 16

4.74

28.57

21.63

33.67

21.63

RACH 119

1.21

11.98

21.2

23

16.78

RACH 119

4.73

27.67

21.31

32.78

21.31

Grand Mean

1.5

11.67

20.32

25.45

17.57

Grand Mean

4.74

28.46

21.79

33.87

21.79

For comparing:

For comparing:

Spacing (S) SEmą

0.017

0.044

0.065

0.139

0.096

Spacing (S) SEmą

0.016

0.069

0.120

0.135

0.049

C.D. at 5%

0.066

0.171

0.255

0.545

0.379

C.D. at 5%

0.064

0.271

0.471

0.530

0.194

Genotypes (G) SEmą

0.068

0.495

0.873

1.093

0.756

Genotypes (G) SEmą

0.207

0.764

1.650

1.783

0.963

C.D. at 5%

0.200

1.470

2.594

3.245

2.246

C.D. at 5%

0.601

2.268

4.900

5.296

2.781

SxG at same S SEmą

0.118

0.857

1.512

1.893

1.310

SxG at the same S SEmą

0.351

1.323

2.858

3.089

1.622

C.D. at 5%

0.351

2.46

4.493

5.621

3.891

C.D. at 5%

1.042

3.940

8.480

9.173

4.812

SxG at same/diff. S SEmą

0.104

0.744

1.312

1.645

1.139

SxG at same/diff. S SEmą

0.304

1.148

2.470

2.678

1.406

C.D. at 5%

0.308

2.208

2.896

4.880

3.382

C.D. at 5%

0.904

3.408

7.350

7.954

4.174


See more of Stress/Physiology Program Two
See more of Abiotic Stress Management and Physiology

See more of The World Cotton Research Conference-4 (September 10-14, 2007)